![]() They were even used as informal currency. Jens Kalaene / picture alliance via Getty ImagesĮels could be practically anything to anyone: dinner or dessert a cure for hangovers, drunkenness, or ear infections material for wedding bands or magical jackets. Young eels swim in a transport box from which they are released by commercial fishermen into the Havel River and its tributaries. These prohibited adherents from eating “unclean” animals or meat that came from carnal acts, which could incite, as Thomas Aquinas put it, “an incentive to lust.” Fish were the exception, Greenlee says, and eels, given their abundance and “the fact that they just sort of appear and that nobody can find their reproductive organs at all,” appealed to anyone trying to avoid a sexy meal. Frequent Christian holidays at the time required followers to adhere to church-sanctioned diets for much of the year. In medieval Europe, this presumed asexuality had real economic consequences and helped make the European eel a culturally important species, according to John Wyatt Greenlee, a medieval cartographic historian who wrote part of his dissertation on the subject. Reddit expanse books skin#Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder asserted that eels rubbed against rocks and their dead skin “scrapings come to life.” Others credited eel provenance to everything from horses’ tails to dew drops on riverbanks. The no-genital theory held for generations. In the fourth century BCE, Aristotle proclaimed that eels spontaneously generated within “the entrails of the earth” and that they didn’t have genitals. Ancient Egyptians associated eels with the sun god Atum and believed they sprang to life when the sun warmed the Nile. The idea that eels have sex at all is a fairly modern notion. But, thus far, eels have kept most of their secrets to themselves. Hanel, a fish biologist and director of the Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology in Bremerhaven, Germany, makes his own month-long migration here alongside a rotating cast of researchers, some of whom hope to solve mysteries that have long flummoxed marine biologists, anatomists, philosophers, and conservationists: What happens when these eels spawn in the wild? And what can be done to help the species recover from the impacts of habitat loss, pollution, overfishing, and hydropower? Scientists say that the answers could improve conservation. The slithery creatures, some as long as 1.5 meters, arrive from Europe, North America, including parts of the Caribbean, and North Africa, including the Mediterranean Sea. The Sargasso is the only place on Earth where they breed. The European eel and the American eel-both considered endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature-make this extraordinary migration. Dubbed the “golden floating rainforest” thanks to the thick tangles of ocher-colored seaweed that blanket the water’s surface, the Sargasso is a slowly swirling sanctuary for over 270 marine species. The Sargasso, bounded by currents instead of land, is an egg-shaped expanse that takes up about two-thirds of the North Atlantic, looping around Bermuda and stretching east more than 1,000 kilometers. The story can get anime melodramatic at times, but the attention to detail about how people would live and work in space is top-notch.Every three years, Reinhold Hanel boards a research ship and voyages to the only sea in the world that’s located in the middle of an ocean. It’s a story about a found family crew of debris collectors removing debris that is a hazard to navigation in Earth orbit. Both the manga and the anime that was adapted from it can be a little difficult to find. If you don’t mind manga or anime, there’s Planetes. A found family crew of working stiffs that drills new wormholes in an interstellar transport network. The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet by Becky Chambers. What Kubrick couldn’t or wouldn’t explain, Clarke does. The book and the Kubrick film were written in parallel, so the book is an excellent companion to the film. ![]() What happens when a ship traveling close to the speed of light suffers damage and can't slow down?Ģ001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Sagan was an astronomer, so this is about as hard and astronomy-centered as it gets. Reddit expanse books movie#Again, you may have seen the movie adaptation. It’s softer science fiction than some, but harder SF than most.Ĭontact, by Carl Sagan. ![]() His mission is to help humanity find viable interstellar colony worlds. A certified nerd (with the sense of humor to match), his brain having been cryogenically preserved after death, is “uploaded”into the computer of a Von Neumann probe. ![]() The first book is We Are Legion (We Are Bob). If you like Andy Weir, you’ll probably like Dennis E. Weir’s latest book, Project Hail Mary, is similarly good. You may have seen the movie that was based on it. ![]()
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